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apt

files

/etc/apt/sources.list

The package resource list for apt. It locates package archives. 
deb ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/debian/ stable main
deb-src ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/debian/ stable main
deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main
deb-src http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main

deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main

Updating a system

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

Installing a package

apt-get install sed

Finding a package

apt-cache search regular-expression-search-term

Showing packages

installed packages

dpkg -l
dpkg -l 'regular-expression'

contents

dpkg -L vim

containing

dpkg -S file-name

aptitude

aptitude is a curse based application.